What is an anticholinergic side effect?

Anticholinergic side effects are specifically related to the action of medications that block the effects of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the nervous system. These effects can manifest in several ways due to the various functions that acetylcholine plays in the body, particularly within the autonomic nervous system.

The correct answer highlights dry mouth and blurred vision, which are classic anticholinergic effects. When acetylcholine's action is inhibited, it reduces secretions in the mouth, leading to dry mouth (xerostomia). Similarly, the inhibition also affects the eye's ability to properly focus, often resulting in blurred vision due to pupil dilation (mydriasis) and a decrease in the eye's ability to accommodate.

This understanding of anticholinergic side effects is crucial for anyone studying pharmacology or medicine, as many commonly prescribed medications—including antihistamines, certain antidepressants, and muscle relaxants—can have these effects. Recognizing these side effects is essential for managing patient care effectively.