What does Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) refer to?

Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) refer specifically to a range of neurological side effects that can occur as a result of taking antipsychotic medications, particularly the older, first-generation antipsychotics. These symptoms can include a variety of movement disorders such as tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and tardive dyskinesia, which is characterized by involuntary repetitive movements, often of the face and tongue.

EPS arises because antipsychotic medications affect the dopaminergic pathways in the brain, especially those that are involved in the regulation of motor control. This interaction can lead to an imbalance in neurotransmitters, resulting in the described motor symptoms. Understanding the relationship between antipsychotics and EPS is crucial for healthcare professionals in monitoring and managing these side effects in patients receiving such treatments.